This course looks at educational institutionalization and re-institutionalization through the lens of social change over time. First of all, it will trace the social origins and social constructions of modern educational systems since the Protestant Reformation came into effect in the 16th-century Europe. Secondly, it will focus much more attention on the landmarks of educational expansions and ameliorations around and after World War II. And finally, special efforts will be directed to issues of education in a so-called individualized society of late-capitalism in early 21st century. Scholars with specialties in related topics of this course will be invited to give talks and interchange with the class. Pre-requisite: None

CILO-1: Analyse the historical, philosophical, socio-cultural, and psychological factors influencing education decision making in diverse contexts. CILO-2: Analyse the process of educational institutionalization and re-institutionalization through the lens of social change. CILO-3: Examine and justify the social origins and social constructions of modern educational systems. CILO-4: Adopt different theoretical frameworks to investigate the development of education in diverse contexts. CILO-5: Identify and investigate the role of international actors in the education development arena, including world Bank and IMF, inter-governmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, and others. CILO-6: Propose strategies for using education and other transformative processes/theories to encourage sustainable societies.